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The correct choice, NFPA 13R, is applicable for automatic sprinkler systems in a four-story residential structure because this standard specifically addresses the design and installation of sprinkler systems in residential occupancies up to four stories in height. It is tailored to provide an appropriate level of fire protection for multi-family dwellings while considering the unique characteristics of residential buildings and the needs of their occupants.

NFPA 13R outlines requirements that ensure adequate coverage while allowing for certain exceptions, making it a practical and cost-effective solution for residential environments. This includes provisions for the layout of sprinkler heads, water supply, and maintenance that align with the building's height and occupancy type, emphasizing the importance of life safety and property protection without imposing the more stringent requirements found in NFPA 13, which is suited for higher hazard classifications.

Other standards, such as NFPA 13D, are designed specifically for one- and two-family dwellings and may not be suitable for structures of four stories. NFPA 14 pertains to standpipe systems, not sprinkler systems, and NFPA 72 covers fire alarm systems, which are different from automatic sprinkler system requirements. Therefore, NFPA 13R is the most applicable standard for the scenario described.